Vision Assessment
EYEGLASSES
More than 140 million people in the United States wear eyeglasses. Eyeglasses improve vision by adjusting the way the eyes bend and focus light. Ideally, light rays are refracted, or bent, as they pass through the cornea so that they focus on the retina in the back of the eye. In a healthy eye, this means that objects can be seen clearly. Most people have corneas that have a shallow or steep curvature which causes light rays to focus in front of or behind the retina. Objects may then appear blurry at certain distances or at all distances.
Glasses can correct these refractive errors. Prescriptions are measured for each eye so patients can enjoy optimal vision clarity, usually 20/20. Eyewear may be used for certain activities, such as reading for farsighted, or hyperopic patients and driving or watching television for nearsighted, or myopic patients, or may be worn at all times.
Regular eye exams test for the development and progression of refractive errors and help your doctor provide a proper prescription if eyeglasses are needed. Exams are also an invaluable tool in the early detection of eye disease.
CONTACT LENSES
A contact lens is a thin, convex disc that floats on the surface of the eye, providing vision correction. With advances in optical technology, most people can use contact lenses, regardless of the type or extent of their vision problems. This includes patients with astigmatism, and those who need bifocal or multifocal lenses. In some cases, however, contact lenses are contraindicated.
TYPES OF CONTACT LENSES
here are several varieties of contact lenses. The distinctive features of each offer a wide range of options.
Soft Contact Lenses
There are three basic types of soft contact lenses.
Daily-Wear Lenses
Daily-wear soft contact lenses are the most popular type of contacts available. Made of a flexible plastic polymer, daily-wear lenses are put in each morning and taken out each night. Daily-wear contacts come in many colors and typically last about 1 year.
Extended-Wear Lenses
Extended-wear soft contact lenses can be worn all the time, including while sleeping. Depending on whether a person has 7-day (standard) or 30-day lenses, the lenses need to be taken out and cleaned once a week or once a month. This is done to give the eyes a rest, and reduce the risk of a corneal infection. Extended-wear lenses are made of soft silicone that retains moisture longer than daily-wear contacts. This allows more oxygen to reach the eye, preventing the buildup of bacteria and protein.
Disposable-Wear Lenses
Disposable soft lenses are intended to be discarded and replaced after they have been worn for a certain period of time. This makes them even easier to maintain than regular soft contacts. Many disposable lenses are designed for either replacement every morning, every two weeks or every month. Daily-wear disposables are worn during waking hours only, while extended-wear disposables can be worn during sleep as well.
Choice of lens is based upon doctor recommendation and patient need.
Gas-Permeable Lenses
Rigid, gas-permeable contacts have several advantages, including the following, over soft lenses:
Correction of a wider range of vision problems
Sharper vision than with most soft lenses
More oxygen flow through to the eye, reducing risk of corneal irritation
More durability than soft lenses, and less prone to deposit buildup
Because they are much harder than flexible contacts, gas-permeable lenses take some getting used to when they are first worn. They are also more likely than soft lenses to slip off the center of the eye and require adjustment, making them an inconvenient choice for patients who play sports or participate in other vigorous activities. Most patients, however, grow accustomed to the feel of gas-permeable lenses, and are satisfied with the improvement in vision they offer.
Prescriptions are required for all contact lenses.